Friday, July 29, 2016

Masculine / feminine morphology (not directly correlated with prenatal testosterone)

Morphological traits that are either masculine (ie. present in most biological males) or feminine (ie. present in most biological females) may or may not be correlated to prenatal testosterone.
Here follows a list of morpholoical traits that are easily visible with the naked eye, and that are considered sexually dimorphic. Some of these differences may actually not correlate with the biological sex, but with the "brain sex" (prenatal testosterone levels), ie. the masculine/feminine brain as described in Prof. Baron-Cohen's theories.

Face

  • "Women show more of their upper incisors than men, while men display more of their lower central incisors than women."
    (da Motta, Andrea Fonseca Jardim, et al. "Display of the incisors as functions of age and gender." Australian orthodontic journal 26.1 (2010): 27.)
    Caution: the study also found that older Brazilians display less of their upper central incisors and more of their lower central incisors than young Brazilians
  • "The mesiodistal dimensions of the right and left maxillary (permanent) canines and central incisors were significantly different (larger) in males when compared to females." In other words: male permanent canines and central incisors of the upper jaw are significantly "broader" in males (for a picture of the measurement taken, see the study paper).
    (Srivastava, Rahul, et al. "Gender determination from the mesiodistal dimension of permanent maxillary incisors and canines: An odontometric study." Journal of Indian Academy of Oral Medicine and Radiology 26.3 (2014): 287.)

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